Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition that significantly affects patients’ physical and psychosocial well-being. While the physiological aspects of COPD are well-documented, the neuropsychological impact of social stigma associated with the disease remains underexplored, particularly in non-Western contexts. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the experiences and cognitive-emotional consequences of perceived stigma among individuals with COPD in Japan. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 adults diagnosed with moderate to severe COPD, recruited from outpatient respiratory clinics across urban and rural regions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of cognitive, emotional, and social responses to stigma.

Findings revealed that participants frequently experienced feelings of shame, guilt, and social withdrawal, which were often exacerbated by public misconceptions about COPD and its association with smoking. Many reported heightened anxiety, depressive symptoms, and reduced self-efficacy in managing their disease. Cognitive distortions, such as overgeneralization and catastrophizing regarding their health and social interactions, were commonly observed. Social isolation emerged as both a consequence and amplifier of these neuropsychological effects, leading to decreased participation in daily activities and reluctance to seek medical or social support. Despite these challenges, participants highlighted coping strategies, including engagement with peer support networks and mindfulness practices, which mitigated some of the negative psychological consequences.